The so-called gold Refractory technology refers to technology for having a refractory gold ore smelting characteristics are difficult extracting gold. The fundamental reason for difficult smelting is the changing mineralogical characteristics of the ore itself, such as the occurrence of gold minerals in the ore, the symbiotic relationship with other minerals, the associated elements in the ore, and the structural structure of the ore. And the degree of impurity, etc.
Where is the difficulty of handling gold ore?
During the “Seventh Five-Year Plan†period, China discovered refractory gold resources, and the scientific and technological forces of the gold industry began to work on the technical research work of gold ore smelting and gold extraction, with the goal of realizing economic and efficient refractory gold resources. Environmentally friendly development and utilization.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the national science and technology project was initiated, and the refractory gold resources were listed as the "bottleneck" restricting the development of China's gold industry, and the research on the technology of high-efficiency development and utilization of difficult-to-handle (mining, selecting, and smelting) gold resources was established. "Study on the project, systematic research and engineering application at the national level. At that time, the refractory gold resources targeted by the national project covered difficult gold resources. Later, the “difficult to handle†in the industry generally refers to the characteristics of such ore that are difficult to select and difficult to smelt. Or a single method of selecting and smelting is difficult to achieve the purpose of effective extraction, including three aspects: low technical recovery rate, uneconomical development and utilization, or environmental protection by development and utilization.
It is difficult to formulate a clear classification standard for difficult gold ore. Its positioning changes with the development of gold smelting technology, but it can be distinguished according to the current production process of mature application of gold industry. At present, domestic refractory gold resources can be divided into two categories: easy to choose difficult to form and difficult to choose difficult to form.
The gold minerals of the easy-to-select smelting ore are closely related to the sulphide. The flotation and enrichment is easy and high recovery rate can be obtained. However, the flotation gold concentrate adopts direct cyanidation, and the leaching rate is low, and the concentrate contains Arsenic or contains other harmful elements.
In the next step, there are many problems that need to be solved in the gold extraction process. It is necessary to solve the problem of difficult immersion of gold through pretreatment, and to solve the problem of comprehensive recovery of associated elements such as sulfur, arsenic and copper . Most of these resources are in gold-producing areas such as Huadian in Jilin and Dexing in Jiangxi, and they account for a small proportion of refractory gold resources. Domestic gold extraction processes for such resources are mostly for the gold extraction of gold concentrate after flotation and enrichment.
Difficult choice of difficult ore type ore has double or multiple difficult to select characteristics, for five reasons:
First, the occurrence of gold is fine, less than 10 microns and accounts for a large proportion of gold minerals in the state of being impregnated or wrapped. General physical mechanical grinding cannot completely open such packages. Second, the flotation carrier of gold minerals has less sulfide, or the symbiotic relationship between gold and gangue minerals. A certain proportion of gold minerals are symbiotic or encapsulated by silicates and carbonates, which affects the gold enrichment of flotation process. And is not conducive to three gold cyanide leach pyrite, arsenopyrite and other intergrowth or occur in the lattice of these minerals is not pretreated to eliminate the effects almost impossible to extract the gold. Fourth, the ore contains a certain amount of antimony, bismuth, mercury, lead, tellurium and other harmful ingredients, hinder gold leaching. Fifth, the ore contains "robbery of gold" substances, causing gold to be adsorbed and seized during the cyanide leaching process, and cannot effectively raise gold. Most of these “golden†materials are organic carbon or part of graphitic carbon, and some are clay minerals.
Difficult to choose difficult ore type in the domestic refractory gold resources, the largest proportion, the most widely distributed in the country, many ore has the above-mentioned "multiple" difficult to choose, difficult to smelt characteristics. Typical gold mines include Guizhou Zimu, Yangshan in Gansu, Zhenan in Shaanxi, Dongbei Village in Sichuan, Zhenan Town in Yunnan, and Jinyao in Guangxi.
Resource distribution: regional concentration
Strengthen the flotation operation of refractory gold ore to obtain gold concentrate fine products with higher grade and higher recovery rate, and maximize the separation and removal of elements harmful to the next step of cyanide gold extraction, which is to realize refractory gold ore resources The primary technical link for effective development and utilization. Difficult to handle the gold concentrate gold extraction process is the core of the difficult gold gold ore gold extraction technology. In recent years, it has become the focus of the domestic gold industry's difficult selection and metallurgical technology development and engineering application.
Since the discovery of gold refractory gold resources in China, no accurate statistics have been made. However, starting from the “Ninth Five-Year Planâ€, the number of gold metal experts is more than 1,000 tons to 1200 tons. Although some resources have been developed and utilized every year after the Ninth Five-Year Plan, new resources have been continuously identified. Therefore, the proportion of domestic refractory gold resources in the proven reserves has been considered by the industry to be around one-third.
In fact, according to the current gold industry's difficult to handle the gold production capacity of the gold mining process, the gold produced by one or two stages of roasting, biological oxidation and other pretreatment processes should be more than 80 tons per year, plus non-ferrous metal smelting. By-product gold, it can also be determined that more than one-third of China's annual gold production comes from refractory gold resources.
Although refractory gold resources are distributed in various gold producing provinces, they are generally characterized by regional concentration. Among them, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and other western provinces account for a large proportion, Liaoning, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and other provinces also have a certain amount of reserves. At present, there are mainly refractory gold mining areas or gold mines with proven resources:
Yangshan gold ore field in Gansu (super large), Zhouqupingding mining area in Gansu, Luerba mining area in Ganyu County, Zhenan gold ore field in Shaanxi (Jinlongshan, Qiuling), Jianchaling gold mine, Guizhou Lungougou mining area, purple wood letter mine, the guy he was mine, Tong Ge gold, its gold plates, silver water hole gold mine, Guangxi gold teeth gold, that gold Lin, Yunnan Zhenyuan gold mine, Dexing Jinshan mine, Sichuan Dongbeizhai Mining area, Liaoning Fengcheng mining area, etc.
The development and utilization of domestic refractory gold resources is gradually driven by the industrial application of domestic difficult metallurgical technology achievements. At present, most of the refractory gold mine resource mines have built large-scale mine development enterprises, but in addition to Guizhou's Zimuyu and Shuiyin Caves (Zimuyu Gold Mine is directly treated by the original ore boiling roasting gold extraction process). The original ore, the Shuiyindong gold mine uses the chemical pre-oxidation gold extraction process to directly treat the original ore), and the other mines use the flotation enrichment-gold concentrate oxidative pretreatment gold extraction technology (or export sales, or local) Construction of a smelting plant).
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