1. Mining deposits with simple technical conditions (I)
â—Features of mining technology
The main ore body is located above the local erosion datum, the terrain is conducive to natural drainage, or the ore body is below the erosion datum, but the aquifer is weak in water, no surface water body nearby, no water rich; ore body surrounding rock single, mechanical strength High, structural surface is not developed, stability is good, or the deposit is in permafrost area, but due to long-term freezing, engineering geological problems are not prominent, no primary environmental geological problems, ore and waste are not easy to decompose harmful components, mining Activities do not create pollution to nearby environments and water bodies.
â—Example of typical deposits
Limestone and granite open pit mining bed
â—Exploration work requirements
Generally, no special work is required, and the data of the collection area and the adjacent mining area are mainly collected, and the key investigations are carried out in combination with the actual mining area. Based on the comprehensive analysis and research, the evaluation can be made by analogy.
2. Deposits dominated by hydrogeological problems (II-1)
â—Features of mining technology
Although the main ore body is located on the local erosion reference surface, the terrain is conducive to natural drainage, but the water-bearing aquifer or fault zone on the roof of the ore body is harmful to the mine production; or the main ore body is below the local erosion reference surface, mainly charging The water aquifer is rich in water, but the groundwater recharge conditions are poor. The surface water does not constitute the main factor for the water filling of the deposit. The mine drainage can cause local ground deformation and damage, and the water body is slightly polluted. The geological environment geological problems of the deposit engineering are relatively simple.
â—Example of typical deposits
Yunnan coal mine four camps
JIAOJIA City, Shandong Province gold mine
â—Exploration work requirements
Mainly work on hydrogeological problems, correspondingly carry out engineering geological environmental geological work in the mining area, collect regional hydrogeological data, combine the mining area to carry out large and medium scale hydrogeological mapping, hydrogeological geological cataloging of geological boreholes and tunnels, and develop surface Dynamic observation of water and groundwater, select hydropower exploration experiments in representative sections, obtain hydrogeological parameters of main aquifers, identify water-filling factors, and predict mine water inflow.
3. Deposits dominated by engineering geological problems (II-2)
â—Features of mining technology
The surrounding rock of the ore body is mostly hard and semi-hard rock group. The rock group structure is complex, there are local weak interlayer or lens body distribution, various structural planes are relatively developed, and the exposed mining slope can produce local slip along the weak interlayer or unfavorable structural surface. Shifting, well mining can produce local deformation and failure in the weathering zone and structural fracture zone, and the hydrogeological environmental geological problems of the deposit are generally simple.
â—Example of typical deposits
Jilin Panshi Nickel Mine,
Panzhihua limestone mine in Panzhihua, Sichuan
Qinghai Chaidamu Coal Mine
â—Exploration work requirements
The work is mainly carried out around the engineering geological problems of the deposit. Corresponding to the hydrogeological environmental geological work of the mining area, carry out large and medium scale hydrological engineering geological mapping and drilling hydrology engineering geological catalogue, divide the engineering geological rock group, select the representative samples of the surrounding rock of the ore body to determine its physical and mechanical properties and evaluate The quality of the rock mass, the development degree, combination relationship and unfavorable structural surface of the main structural plane are determined, and the technical conditions of the mining are evaluated according to the actual resources.
4. Deposits dominated by environmental geological problems (II-3)
â—Features of mining technology
There are primary environmental geological problems such as heat damage or gas damage or radioactive hazards or adverse geological hazards. Corresponding measures must be taken to prevent and prevent the mining of deposits. The hydrogeological engineering geological problems of deposits are relatively simple.
â—Example of typical deposits
Henan Pingdingshan Coal Mine,
Yanjia Liangjingtian, Northern Shaanxi
â—Exploration work requirements
It mainly works on the geological problems of the original environment of the deposit, and conducts corresponding investigations and tests on the main hazards (heat, gas or radioactivity), and combines geological, hydrogeological, geophysical and geochemical data to analyze and determine the heat (gas or radioactivity). The background value and abnormal value of the mining area are evaluated for the possible hazards; the hydrogeological engineering geological conditions of the deposit can be evaluated by analogy.
5. Complex bed (II-4)
â—Features of mining technology
Two or more of the three factors of the hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geological conditions of the deposit are medium-sized deposits, and the rest are simple.
â—Example of typical deposits
Sichuan Gold River phosphorus ore,
Beijing Mentougou Coal Mine
â—Exploration work requirements
Mainly work on hydrogeological problems, correspondingly carry out engineering geological environmental geological work in the mining area, collect regional hydrogeological data, combine the mining area to carry out large and medium scale hydrogeological mapping, hydrogeological geological cataloging of geological boreholes and tunnels, and develop surface Dynamic observation of water and groundwater, select hydropower exploration experiments in representative sections, obtain hydrogeological parameters of main aquifers, identify water-filling factors, and predict mine water inflow.
It mainly works on the geological problems of the original environment of the deposit, and conducts corresponding investigations and tests on the main hazards (heat, gas or radioactivity), and combines geological, hydrogeological, geophysical and geochemical data to analyze and determine the heat (gas or radioactivity). The background value and abnormal value of the mining area are evaluated for the possible hazards; the hydrogeological engineering geological conditions of the deposit can be evaluated by analogy.
6. Deposits dominated by hydrogeological problems (III-1)
â—Features of mining technology
The main ore body is located below the local erosion reference surface. The main water-filled aquifer is rich in water and has good groundwater recharge conditions. It has close hydraulic connection with surface water or adjacent strong aquifer, and there are structural fracture zones or karst development with strong water conductivity. With the large amount of water in the mine pit; the mining of the deposit needs to adopt strong drainage or special prevention and water control measures. The drainage and drainage can cause engineering geological and environmental geological problems such as deformation and damage of the roadway and ground subsidence, cracking, collapse and water pollution.
â—Example of typical deposits
Lead-zinc mine in Guangdong alum mouth,
An official micro Copper Copper Mine,
Xianghualing tin mine
â—Exploration work requirements
Comprehensive hydrological and geological exploration work shall be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner. For large water deposits, large-caliber, large-flow, deep-deep, long-term group hole pumping tests shall be carried out to fully expose hydrogeological and environmental geological problems, and The boundary conditions of groundwater flow, obtain reliable hydrogeological parameters, establish a hydrogeological model, predict the water inflow from the mine by two or more methods, and make corresponding evaluations on the engineering geological and environmental geological problems of the deposit.
7. Deposits dominated by engineering geological problems (III-2)
â—Features of mining technology
The surrounding rock of the ore body is broken, the structural planes of all levels are developed, the structural fracture zone and the contact fracture zone are relatively developed, and the ground stress is large; or the ore body transition rock is mainly loose and weak rock formation; or the thickness of the freeze-thaw layer is large. The mining of mining slopes and slopes are common, and the environmental geological problems such as water inrush, mud (sand) and ground deformation and damage can be induced. The geological conditions of the hydrogeological environment of the deposit are not complicated.
â—Example of typical deposits
Gansu Jinchuan Nickel Mine,
Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin Mine,
Yunnan Xiangyang Coal Mine,
Jilin Shulan Coal Mine
â—Exploration work requirements
The system carries out engineering geological exploration, divides the engineering geological rock group in detail, systematically samples the surrounding rock of the ore body, determines its physical and mechanical properties, and focuses on the combination of unfavorable engineering geological rock group, location and unfavorable structural surface, and can be arranged if necessary. Special engineering geological hole exploration or engineering geology in-situ test or simulation test, based on the measured data to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock and the stability of the exposed slope.
8. Deposits dominated by environmental geological problems (III-3)
â—Features of mining technology
The deposit is in areas with heat, gas, radioactive anomaly or regional stability, or the surrounding rock of the ore body contains poisonous and harmful gases or easily decomposes toxic and harmful elements and components, or has a serious spontaneous combustion. Mining of mineral deposits can cause serious heat hazards, gas hazards, radioactive hazards, environmental pollution and instability of the mountains. Special prevention and control measures are required. The hydrogeological engineering geological problems of the deposits are not complicated.
â—Example of typical deposits
Hunan Yinzhou 411 Mine,
Zhejiang Xili Fluorite Mine,
Hunan Martian Coal Mine,
Sichuan Xuyong Coal Mine (self-ignition)
â—Exploration work requirements
Conduct special investigations and analysis tests on the original geological environment issues, and study in detail the geological conditions, influencing factors, background values, the extent and extent of the hazards, and the possible hazards; the hydrogeological engineering geological conditions of the deposits are available. The analogy method is used for evaluation.
9. Complex problem deposit (III-4)
â—Features of mining technology
Two or more of the three factors of deposit hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geological conditions are complex deposits, and the rest are not complicated.
â—Example of typical deposits
Guangdong Shilu Copper Mine,
Anhui Zhongshan iron ore,
Yunnan Xiaolongtan Coal Mine,
Hunan Enkou Coal Mine,
Jiangxi Chengmenshan Copper Mine
â—Exploration work requirements
Comprehensive hydrological and geological exploration work shall be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner. For large water deposits, large-caliber, large-flow, deep-deep, long-term group hole pumping tests shall be carried out to fully expose hydrogeological and environmental geological problems, and The boundary conditions of groundwater flow, obtain reliable hydrogeological parameters, establish a hydrogeological model, use two or more methods to predict the amount of water inflow from the mine, and make corresponding evaluations on the engineering geological and environmental geological problems of the deposit.
Conduct special investigations and analysis tests on the original geological environment issues, and study in detail the geological conditions, influencing factors, background values, the extent and extent of the hazards, and the possible hazards; the hydrogeological engineering geological conditions of the deposits are available. The analogy method is used for evaluation.
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