Non-ferrous metal scrap pretreatment refers to non-ferrous scrap and scrap state becomes possible to effectively process subsequent metallurgical processes. This process includes: achieving various physical dimensions and weight standards for various waste materials and waste materials; separating non-ferrous metals from ferrous metals; removing non-metallic inclusions, moisture, oil, and the like. Fine and high-quality preparation of waste non-ferrous metals, suitable for metallurgical processes, can reduce the loss of non-ferrous metals to a minimum, reduce the unit consumption of fuel, electricity and flux, and make efficient use of metallurgical equipment and transportation tools. And improve labor productivity and the quality of non-ferrous metals and alloy products.
Pretreatment of non-ferrous metal scraps and scraps includes the following main processes: sorting, cutting, packing, briquetting, crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, drying, degreasing, etc. Special recycled raw material (waste battery, motor waste, scrap wire, scrap iron horse) pretreatment, using a special production line. The All-Russian Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Scientific Research Institute has studied the general process flow of waste non-ferrous metal pretreatment (Fig. 1), starting from non-ferrous scrap and scrap into the workshop, and until the finished product is sent to the customer's plant.
figure 1
Packing and briquetting
The purpose of packaging is to compact loose and thin scraps and scraps into bales of weight, size and density. The dense material is convenient for furnace melting, and the metal loss caused by oxidation during the melting process is also small, and the transportation cost of the raw material can also be reduced. What needs to be packaged and processed is large waste parts, waste radiators, trimming edges, scrap bars, waste pipes, waste cables, waste stator windings, scraps, waste stampers, and daily wastes. The density of the processed packing block depends on the size of the pressure and the thickness of the material being pressed. Packaging Waste copper required pressure of 2000 to 4500 kN, aluminum packaging waste need to use a pressure of 1400 to 2000 kN.
Various hydraulic balers (Table 4) are divided into small power (pressure 2500 kN) balers (Б-132 type, Б-133 type, ПГ-150 type) according to the pressure, medium power (pressure 2500 ~ 5000 kN) Packers (Б-1334, ПГ-400, CPA-400) and high-power (pressures of 5000 kN or more) balers (CPA-1000, CPA-1250).
Table 1 (before) technical parameters of the Soviet domestic baler
model | Dimensions (m) | Final pressure level (kilton) | Baler production capacity (block / hour) | Motor power (kW) | Baler weight (tons) | |
Extrusion chamber | Packing | |||||
Б-132 type* | 1.5×0.7×0.6 | 0.3×0.4×0.6 | 1000 | 25 | 10 | 8 |
Б-1330 type | 1.7×0.9×0.3 | 0.3×0.3×0.5 | 1000 | 75 | 85 | 26 |
П-150 type | 1.8×0.7×0.6 | 0.3×0.3×0.6 | 1500 | 20 | 20 | 10 |
Б-1334 type | 1.7×1.4×1.2 | 0.4×0.4×0.5 | 2500 | 35 | 135 | 72 |
CPA-400 type | 3.0 × 2.6 × 0.8 | 0.6×0.6×1.2 | 2900 | 1 | 220 | 113 |
ПГ-400 type | 2.8×1.5×1.1 | 0.4×0.5×0.6 | 3900 | 20 | 220 | 87 |
CPA-1000 type** | 4.5×4.0×1.3 | 1.0×0.7×2.0 | 6200 | 20 | 250 | 308 |
CPA-1250** | 2.2 × 0.8 × 2.9 | 1.0×0.8×0.8 | 11800 | 45 | 430 | 285 |
* Although the Б-132 baler has stopped production, many companies are still using it.
**CPA type baler is produced by Czechoslovakia.
The packaging process consists of the following main processes: acceptance and preparation of waste, loading into the baler, packaging, pushing the package into the extrusion chamber, and accepting and transporting the finished package.
The operation of the Б-132 baler (Fig. 2) is now used to illustrate the consistency between the various processes in the packaging process. The raw material is fed from the tank 1 into the extrusion chamber 2 by means of a hydraulic cylinder. The squeezing chamber is covered by a cover 3 driven by a hydraulic cylinder 4. The waste end which exposes the edge of the extrusion chamber at this time is cut by a knife fixed to the side and front of the cover. During the packing process, the longitudinal and transverse extrusion heads are pressed twice, and the extrusion head is fixed on the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6. After the pressing is completed, the baffle is opened and the packing block is pushed out of the squeezing chamber by means of the hydraulic cylinder 7.
All kinds of hydraulic balers are automated or semi-automated, which can crush waste into different packing blocks with a weight of 50 to 4500 kg.
Figure 2 Packaging process of the Б-132 baler
а-Loading; б-close cover; ÑŠ, г-package; Ñ-launch packing block
The compact is suitable for use in preparing materials for metallurgical treatment of waste colored metal scraps. The purpose of the compact is to facilitate storage and transportation, speed up the melting process and reduce metal loss. During the briquetting process, the material is compacted to a density of 2000 to 2200 kg/ m3 . Suitable for compacting are non-adhesive dry chips with a particle size of less than 100 mm. [next]
(Before) Many companies in the Soviet Union used hydraulic briquetting machines (Б-654 type) and pulse type briquetting machines (MИБ-275 type) in the process of briquetting waste.
The process of producing compacts using the Б-654 type briquetting machine (Fig. 3), including 6 automatic continuous processes: I-cutting batch waste and tamping with a pneumatic hammer; II- clamping with a squeeze head The waste debris is pressed into the negative mold, and the briquetting is carried out at the same time, and the pressure in the system reaches 13 henpa; III-moving the tamper and clamping the new batch of waste; IV-under the action of the main hydraulic cylinder Forming the compact, the forming process continues until the pressure reaches 16 henpa; V- removes the finished compact from the female mold and resets the squeeze cylinder with the tamper; VI- exits the extrusion head, causing the compact to fall out Feed trough. The vibrator uniformly feeds the waste from the silo into the feed trough throughout the cycle.
Figure 3 Б-654 type briquetting machine
1-beam with hydraulic cylinder; 2-hydraulic cylinder for moving squeeze cylinder; 3-vibrator;
4-extrusion cylinder with pneumatic hammer; 5-charge valve; 6-fill tank; 7-pressure valve;
8-fast hydraulic cylinder; 9-tank; 10-operator; 11-air distributor;
12-hydraulic working cylinder; 13-motor; 14-pump; 15-reversible valve
The squeezing function of the pulse briquetting machine is produced during the explosion of a mixture of natural gas and air. By using the briquetting machine to process aluminum chips, a compact having a diameter of 275 mm, a height of 65 to 75 mm, and a weight of 10 to 12 kg can be obtained. The processing capacity of the briquetting machine is 1.2 to 1.5 tons / hour.
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