1 high gradient magnetic separator
Since wolframite weakly magnetic, the introduction of high intensity gradient of the black magnetic separator to separate scheelite flotation possible. The "five" in the scientific and technological, Hunan Shizhuyuan metal ore introduced HGMS the wolframite and scheelite flotation circuit respectively into a different, so that the two are mineral flotation Under the optimized conditions, a "floating-magnetic-floating preferential flotation scheelite beneficiation process" and a "strong magnetic shunting-black and white tungsten separation flotation process" were formed.
Using the difference between scheelite and weak magnetic gangue minerals, the high gradient magnetic separator is also used for pre-throwing of tungsten ore dressing. As in Inner copper zinc iron processing plant tailings grade WO3 0.12%, mainly tungsten mineral scheelite, very little sulfide minerals, gangue minerals weakly magnetic minerals more than 40%. Deng Lihong [86] pre-discarded about 50% of weak magnetic minerals such as garnet and then floated through a new high-gradient magnetic separator. The magnetic separation recovery rate is over 92%, which not only doubles the flotation grade. Moreover, the amount of flotation agent is reduced, and the flotation index is increased. The grade of scheelite concentrate was 67.97% and the recovery rate was 64%. Di Jialian et al. [87] based on the characteristics of weak magnetic properties of garnet and non-magnetic properties of scheelite, using high-gradient magnetic separator for magnetic separation and tailing, the grade of WO3 in floating ore is increased from 0.66% to 0.91%, magnetic products. The yield is 43.44%, which effectively improves the processing capacity of the concentrator process.
The high gradient magnetic separator is used in the process of black tungsten ore and black tungsten fine mud. Zhou Xiaotong et al [88] used a high-gradient magnetic separator to obtain a good industrial test index after one rough selection and one sweep selection of strong magnetic separation: a strong magnetic ore with 0.20% WO3, and a black tungsten strong magnetic The ore grade is 0.43% WO3, and the tungsten recovery rate is 73.26%, which effectively improves the black tungsten flotation selection grade.
2 flotation column
In terms of flotation equipment , the representative of flotation columns in recent years is more representative. In the tungsten plant, there are currently two main types of flotation columns put into use.
The cyclone microbubble flotation column [89] developed by China University of Mining and Technology won the second prize of the 2002 National Technology Invention. The main structure includes column flotation, swirl separation, and tube mineralization. The whole equipment is a cylinder, and the column flotation section is located in the upper part of the column. It adopts the flotation principle of countercurrent collision mineralization to realize the sorting of fine materials in the static sorting environment with low turbulence, in the whole column sorting method. It plays a role of rough selection and selection; the cyclone separation and column flotation are connected to the upper and lower structures to form the main body of the column sorting method; the cyclone separation includes gravity separation by density and in the background of the swirl force field. Swirl flotation. Swirl flotation not only provides a highly efficient mineralization method, but also greatly reduces the lower limit of flotation particle size and greatly improves the flotation speed. Swirl sorting plays a role in sweeping the column flotation by the strong recovery ability in the column sorting process. Pipeline mineralization utilizes the jet principle to form a gas-solid-liquid three-phase system of circulating minerals in the pipe flow by introducing gas and pulverizing into bubbles, and achieving highly turbulent mineralization. Pipeline mineralization is connected along the tangential direction to the cyclone separation to form a cyclical separation of the middle ore. At present, it has been applied to black and white tungsten flotation and fluorite flotation in Hunan Shizhuyuan polymetallic ore. The rough selection operation of tungsten uses flotation column and flotation machine combined column flotation. The recovery rate of tungsten roughing operation is increased to 76.13%, and the total recovery rate of tungsten is increased to 63.96%.
The CCF flotation column [90] developed by Changsha Nonferrous Metals Design Institute is a new type of high-efficiency non-mechanical stirring inflatable flotation equipment with column trough structure. Compared with the mechanical agitating flotation machine, the CCF new countercurrent contact gas-filled flotation column is characterized by a flow pattern in which the ore particles are in countercurrent with the fine bubbles, providing a large number of opportunities for collecting ore particles. The reverse movement of the ore particles and bubbles, although the absolute speed is small, the relative speed is high, the turbulence is low, and the hydrodynamic conditions are ideal. The bubbles in the column are fine and uniform, the surface area is large, and the contact with the ore particles is more under countercurrent conditions, which eliminates the "short circuit" phenomenon of the useful minerals in the flotation process, and is beneficial to increase the flotation speed and recovery rate. The thickness of the foam layer in the column is large and can be adjusted, and the countercurrent cleaning action of the flushing water is applied, so that the enrichment ratio is large. Used in the rough selection and selection of white tungsten in the tungsten plant of Henan Luanchuan Molybdenum Company. Gao Zhanwei et al. [91] introduced a good index of about 1.3% WO3 of crude concentrate grade and about 75% recovery rate when the ore grade is about 0.05% WO3. Wang Xuanyi et al [92] introduced the industrial test of CCF flotation column in the selection of white tungsten. The crude concentrate grade was 45.77% WO3 and the operation recovery rate was 93.53%.
3 high frequency vibration fine screen
Some factories have used high-frequency vibrating fine screens to replace the original hydraulic grading equipment , which has greatly improved the grading efficiency and created favorable conditions for mineral processing.
Zhao et al. [93] studied the application of high-frequency vibrating fine screen in the grinding and grading process of molybdenum oxide or scheelite, and compared the ore dressing efficiency with the classifier efficiency of the spiral classifier and hydrocyclone. The treatment capacity of the plant has increased by 12%, and the oxidizing ore flotation phenomenon has been greatly improved. The amount of ore dressing agent has been reduced by 15% to 20%, the recovery rate of molybdenum ore has reached 81% to 83%, and the recovery rate of tungsten minerals has reached 78% to 80%. Effectively improved the flotation environment of molybdenum-tungsten oxide ore.
4 centrifugal concentrator
A large amount of research has also been carried out on the application of centrifugal concentrators in tungsten fines beneficiation. The application of the centrifugal concentrator in the pretreatment process, such as the “centrifuge re-treatment pretreatment-flotation-re-selection†tungsten fines beneficiation process adopted in the Dajishan tungsten mine in Jiangxi, and the “desulfurization-centrifugation†used in the Tieshan tungsten ore Machine-flotation-magnetic separation" tungsten fine mud treatment process. The application of centrifugal concentrator in concentrate treatment, such as the “fine mud pretreatment-normal temperature flotation-centrifuge re-election†of the Luoluo Pit in Fujian Province, a new process of tungsten fines beneficiation. The rational application of the centrifugal concentrator has created better conditions for the recovery of tungsten fines.
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