Phosphorus fertilizer can promote root development and nutrient absorption, enhance tillering, increase starch synthesis, and promote grain filling.
Fertility requirements
Rice is one of the crops that require more fertilizer. Generally, for each 100 kg of rice produced, nitrogen (N) 1.6-2.5 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.8-1.2 kg, potassium (K2O) 2.1-3.0 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium The ratio of required fertilizer is approximately 2:1:3. The uptake of nitrogen by rice reached its peak at the peak of tillering and heading and flowering. Application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the starch yield, and the starch yield is positively related to the size of rice grain, the level of yield, and the quality of rice. If the supply of nitrogen before heading is insufficient, it will result in reduced grain nutrients, insufficient grouting, and reduced rice quality. Phosphorus uptake by rice was not significantly different at each growth stage, and the period of maximum absorption was from tillering to spikelet differentiation. Phosphorus fertilizer can promote root development and nutrient absorption, enhance tillering, increase starch synthesis, and promote grain filling. The uptake of potassium by rice is mainly from panicle differentiation to heading and anthesis, followed by till till panicle differentiation. Potassium is an essential nutrient for the synthesis of starch and cellulose and transportation in vivo. It can increase the vitality of roots, delay leaf senescence, and increase the ability to resist pests and diseases. In addition, silicon and zinc micronutrients have a greater impact on rice yield and quality. The rice stems and leaves contain 10% to 20% of silicon dioxide. The application of silicon fertilizer can increase rice resistance to diseases and pests and lodging resistance, increase production, and improve rice quality; zinc fertilizer can increase effective rice spikes. The number of grains, grains per spike, and grain weight, etc., reduced the empty-slug rate and played a role in increasing production. The effect was more pronounced in calcareous soil. The application of silicon and zinc fertilizers has become more apparent in newly-changed paddy fields, acid soils, and cold-water immersed fields.
Fertilization technology
Putian fertilization Rice seedlings include water breeding, wet breeding, dry nursery, plastic film insulation, and two stages of breeding, plastic floppy disk breeding and other forms. Putian basal fertilizer should be re-applied with high-quality organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers have long-term effects and nutrients, and contain a large amount of nutrients necessary for rice growth. The organic fertilizer has high binding, adsorption and substitution, and it has the function of increasing soil aggregate structure and improving the ability of soil to retain water and fertilizer. It is a good soil conditioner. Generally, 500-1000 kg per mu are used, and 3-5 kg ​​of urea, 8-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7-8 kg of potassium chloride, or 20-30 kg of mu compound fertilizer are applied per acre to achieve uniform fertilizer supply. Purpose, to promote seedlings Miao Qi. Before transplanting 4 to 5 days, 6-7 kg of urea or 8-10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per acre as a delivery fertilizer, so that the seedlings return to green as soon as possible after transplanting, and the growth is resumed.
The application of organic manure should be applied to the base fertilizer of datian basal fertilizer Datian. Generally, 2000 to 3000 kilograms of Mushi is applied. The same can not be ignored the application of chemical fertilizers, rice early basically do not absorb nitrate nitrogen, therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer with ammonium nitrogen is good, generally 7 to 8 kg per mu urea, superphosphate 30 to 40 kg, potassium chloride 8 to 10 Kilograms or Mushi compound fertilizer (15%-15%-15%) 30-40 kilograms, the addition of 6-8 kilograms of silicon fertilizer per hectare, zinc sulfate 1 to 1.5 kilograms. Daejeon basal fertilizer should be applied in combination with cultivated rice fields before transplanting. It should be applied in a depth of 12 to 20 cm to keep the ammonium stable in an oxygen-deficient environment and prevent loss.
top dressing
(1) Apply fertilizer early. The tillering fertilizer is applied early after transplanting to green, so as to promote the growth of the low-section tiller, and play the role of increasing the panicle. The tiller fertilizer is generally divided into two applications. The first time after returning green, 7 to 8 kg of urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied in Mushi, and the appropriate amount of calcium sulfate and zinc sulfate are used to promote pupa; Mushi urea or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 7 to 8 kilograms, to ensure that the entire field grows neatly, play a role in protecting the clams into the ear.
(2) Qiao Shi panicle fertilizer. The second leaf of the rice begins to grow leaves. When the young ear is about 1 cm long, it is the basic period for ear formation and grain development. Ineffective delivery should be controlled. In this case, 8 to 12 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be topdressed per acre to ensure that sufficient nutrients are transferred to reproductive growth in mid-term, increase the number of spikelets, prevent degradation of spikelets, promote panicles, and increase grain weight. , Jian Ye, strong stalk, anti-loft effect. Small plots of small groups can be applied in advance to the time of panicle differentiation.
(3) make up fertilizer. From heading to maturity, to increase the seed-setting rate, ensure full maturity, and increase the number of grain weights. Fertilizer depends on the growth of rice may be, should not be less, usually 0.2% ~ 0.3% per acre spray of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50 ~ 60 kg; after the symptoms of zinc deficiency, spray 0.1% ~ 0.3% per acre The zinc sulphate solution is 50-60 kilograms; on the plots with chlorosis yellow before the heading, urea can be applied to 3-4 kilograms or high nitrogen compound fertilizer 4 to 5 kilograms. Supplementing granule fertilizer can effectively enhance the resistance and disease resistance of the plant; prolong the functional period of the leaf and prevent premature senescence; improve the supply of oxygen in the roots of rice and increase the vitality of the root system; accelerate grouting, promote ripening and full grain, thereby increasing rice yield. Improve rice quality. It should be noted that the fields in which the early fertile feet, excessive mid-delivery, excessive dark foliage, dark green leaves, and light-potential differences between groups, and the trend of late-maturing gluttony should not be followed by grain-fertilizer.
In addition, the saline-alkali land should be washed and salt-washed before fertilizing. About 3 to 4 days before fertilization, pay attention to irrigation during the day and night drainage to prevent temporary salt accumulation from affecting the fertilizer effect.
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